Tooth decay is the result of a process that causes progressive damage to tooth structure. The culprit behind all of this is dental plaque, a sticky film that accumulates on teeth and harbors harmful bacteria that thrive on sugar. As these bacteria metabolize sugar, they produce acids, which over time can de-mineralize or eat away at healthy tooth structure. A cavity begins as a simple pinpoint defect on the outermost enamel layer of the tooth but if left untreated will continue to compromise healthy tooth structure, eventually working its way through the inner layer of dentin to the nerve and vital tissues inside the tooth. Depending on the extent of the damage to the tooth, a cavity can cause anything from periodic, mild tooth sensitivity to extreme and continuous discomfort. Seeing a dentist for the treatment of tooth decay is essential to prevent damage to the nerve of the tooth, a dental infection, tooth loss, or more serious consequences to one’s overall health.